I think it is mighty fine and acceptable for modern humans to question the bible and seek answers. People have been doing it for centuries, so long may it continue.
Traditionally biblical scholars have concluded that the three races were the progeny of Noah's three sons, Shem, Japheth and Ham.
Japheth is the father of the Caucasian race - The Indo-European of western Asia and of Europe. (Gen. 10:2-4), Shem of the Mongoloid race - The peoples of the Middle East and Southern Asia. Gen. 10:21-32., and Ham of the Negroid race - The Egyptians, Ethiopians, Libyans and Canaanites. Gen. 10:6-20.
Some have interpreted Noah's prophecies of his sons in Genesis 9 to be the Scriptural basis for discrimination of one race to another.
Incidentally, Adam refers to the hebrew word Awdawm meaning one who shows a rosy blush in the face.